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Le Guyader, Soizick; Pommepuy, Monique; Atmar, Robert. |
Human and animal fecal wastes and urine contain a large number of different viruses that can enter the environment through the discharge of waste materials from infected individuals. Despite the high diversity of viruses that are introduced into the environment by human fecal pollution, only a few have been recognized to cause disease in association with consumption of contaminated shellfish. Viruses are present in shellfish in very low numbers. Nevertheless, they are present in sufficient quantities to pose a health risk as presented. This low level of contamination has made it necessary to develop highly sensitive viral extraction methods to ensure virus recovery from shellfish tissues. The most common route for accidental contamination is after heavy... |
Tipo: Text |
Palavras-chave: Human enteric viruses; Shellfish; Sewage; Persistence; Flux. |
Ano: 2009 |
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00015/12606/15279.pdf |
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Le Guyader, Soizick; Atmar, Robert; Maalouf, Haifa; Le Pendu, Jacques. |
Shellfish can be a vector for human pathogens. Despite regulation based on enteric bacteria, shellfish are still implicated in viral outbreaks. Oysters are the most common shellfish associated with outbreaks, and noroviruses, which cause acute gastroenteritis, are the most frequently identified pathogen in these outbreaks. Analysis of shellfish-related outbreak data worldwide shows an unexpected high proportion of NoV GI strains. Recent studies performed in vitro, in vivo and in the environment indicate that oysters are not just a passive filter, but can selectively accumulate norovirus strains based on virus carbohydrate ligands shared with humans. These observations may help explain the GI/GII bias observed in shellfish-related outbreaks compared to... |
Tipo: Text |
Palavras-chave: Shellfish; Noroviruses; Oyster contamination; Pathogen. |
Ano: 2013 |
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00150/26093/24313.pdf |
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